Description
Taylor & Francis Steam and Electroheating Remediation of Tight Soils 2000 Edition by Katharine Balshaw-Biddle, Carroll L. Oubre, C. H. Ward
In the past few decades the need for innovative, cost effective methods of soil remediation has increased. Steam and Electroheating Remediation of Tight Soils presents the results of a field study testing the cleanup of semi-volatile fuels from tight soils using a combination of hydraulic fracturing and soil heating technologies.The project concentrated on the following goals:Reducing in situ soil TPH concentrations to less than 1000 milligrams per kilograms (mg/kg)Monitoring the treatment zone using soil temperature and post-implementation soil sampling and chemical analysesIdentifying design characteristics important for site selection and scale-up of the technologyDetermining operating costs under normal conditionsThe test met these goals. The results assisted in the evaluation of the commercial applicability of this technology.Steam and Electroheating Remediation of Tight Soils presents design criteria developed from field performance data. It summarizes the field test, results, and conclusions, and discusses possible uses for this in situ technology at future sites. This information will help environmental professionals evaluate the application of this technology to potential sites and provide realistic design considerations. Table of Contents : IntroductionObjectives of StudyTechnical ApproachSite DescriptionComputer Modeling AnalysisMulti-Phase Thermal ModelingElectroheating ModelFort Hood Field DescriptionSummary of Drilling ActivitiesLaboratory AnalysisBaseline TestingEngineering DesignField Monitoring ProceduresProcess MonitoringSystem UpgradesPerformance Data EvaluationHydraulic FracturingSoil HeatingMass RemovalIn Situ DegradationMass BalanceWaste ManagementConclusionsFracture Extent and ConfigurationSoil HeatingHydrocarbon Range DistributionAbility to Reduce TPH Concentrations to Less Than 1000 mg/kgTechniques to Measure the Extent of the Affected ZoneSite Design Characteristics Important to Selection and Scale-UpOperating Cost Under Normal ConditionsVapor and Liquid Phase Recovery RatesContaminant Distribution by Chromatographic Carbon NumberSteam Front MigrationSteam Front Capture Using Extraction SystemHydraulic Fracture ExtentElectroheatingRemediation Advantages and DisadvantagesPneumatic FracturingThermal Enhancement and Pneumatic FracturingTechnical and Cost EvaluationsSite and Contaminant Screening CriteriaDesign ConsiderationsTypical Site Cost EvaluationExpected System PerformanceProject Costs Compared to Similar TechnologiesProject Costs Compared to Alternative TechnologiesReferencesAppendicesAppendix A: Boring LogsAppendix B: Slug Test AnalysisAppendix C: Golder Applied Technologies: sand particle size distribution reportAppendix D: DPTS and SDSU laboratory dataAppendix E: DHL analytical reportsAppendix F: Design manualAppendix G: Fort Hood EH/steam demonstration reportAppendix H: Analysis of vacuum dissipation data from prefracturing pilot testIndex